Learn the trap

The mechanics behind the score: the filings that quietly decide who's the exit liquidity, in plain English.

Are reverse stock splits good or bad?
A reverse split is neutral arithmetic on its own. Whether it is good or bad depends on why the price fell, and on one detail in the filing most people never check.
1-for-10, 1-for-4, 1-for-20: what a reverse split ratio does to your shares
What each reverse split ratio does to your share count, your price and your total value, with the math worked out, plus what happens to fractional shares.
How to see a reverse split coming, weeks before it happens
Reverse splits are announced in public filings on a predictable schedule: a deficiency notice, then a shareholder vote, then an effective date. Here is the sequence with real dates.
Stock split vs reverse split: what is the difference?
A forward split divides shares to lower the price; a reverse split merges them to raise it. Same arithmetic, opposite directions, and very different reasons.
What is watered down stock?
Watered down stock is the everyday name for dilution: the company issues new shares, so each existing share owns a smaller piece of the same business.
How to tell if a company is diluting its shares right now
Four checks on free SEC filings that show whether a company is issuing new shares, has permission to, or is about to, with a real dated example.
Why do stocks get delisted from Nasdaq or the NYSE?
The standard delisting triggers, why the $1.00 minimum price rule matters most for small caps, and how the compliance clock leads to a reverse split.
What happens to your shares when a stock is delisted?
Your shares do not disappear. They usually keep trading over the counter, with wider spreads and thinner liquidity. Here is what changes and what to check.
What is a shelf registration? How penny stocks sell new shares into a rally
A shelf registration (SEC Form S-3) is pre-approval to sell new shares 'from time to time', filed quietly, used when a crowd shows up. Here's how it works, shown on the real filings of a boat stock that ran +703%.
What is an ATM offering (and why it matters when a stock is pumping)
An at-the-market (ATM) offering lets a company sell new shares directly into a rally. Here's how to spot one in the SEC filings (the 424B5) and why it matters most when a stock is up big.
The going-concern warning: when a company doubts its own survival
When a 10-K or 10-Q says there is 'substantial doubt about the company's ability to continue as a going concern,' the company itself is warning you. Here's what it means and how to find it.
How share dilution works: the share printer, explained
Dilution is how a company pays its bills with your ownership stake. Shelf registrations, offerings, unregistered sales, and reverse splits: the full lifecycle of the share printer.
What is a reverse stock split? Why penny stocks keep doing them
A reverse stock split merges many shares into one to lift the price, usually to keep an exchange listing after heavy dilution. Here's how it works and why serial diluters do it again and again.

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